Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects movement. It is characterized by a gradual loss of dopamine-producing cells in the brain, particularly in a region called the substantia nigra. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that helps regulate movement and emotional responses.The hallmark symptoms of Parkinson's disease include:Tremor: A rhythmic shaking or trembling, typically starting in one hand or arm at rest.Bradykinesia: Slowness of movement, which can make simple tasks take longer to perform.Rigidity: Stiffness and resistance to movement in the limbs or trunk.Postural instability: Impaired balance and coordination, leading to difficulty maintaining an upright posture and an increased risk of falls.Diagnosis of Parkinson's disease is primarily based on clinical symptoms and neurological examination. There is no definitive test for Parkinson's disease, so diagnosis can sometimes be challenging, especially in the early stages when symptoms may be mild.Treatment for Parkinson's disease aims to alleviate symptoms, improve quality of life, and slow disease progression. Medications such as levodopa, dopamine agonists, and MAO-B inhibitors can help increase dopamine levels in the brain and improve motor symptoms. Other treatments may include physical therapy, speech therapy, occupational therapy, and deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery in certain cases